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Bessang Pass Natural Monument
The Bessang Pass Natural Monument is a protected area and memorial that commemorates the victory on 14 June 1945 by Filipino soldiers serving the U.S. Army Forces in the Philippines Northern Luzon (USAFIP-NL) over the Imperial Japanese Army in the Battle of Bessang Pass which led to Japan's eventual surrender and end to World War II in the Philippines. It covers an area of and a buffer zone of in the municipality of Cervantes in Ilocos Sur.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Region 1 - Protected Areas )〕 The mountain pass was initially a component of the ''Tirad Pass National Park'', declared in 1938 through Proclamation No. 294 by then President Manuel Luis Quezon. On 10 August 1954, it was established as the Bessang Pass National Shrine with an area of by virtue of Proclamation No. 55 signed by President Ramon Magsaysay.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Proclamation No. 55, s. 1954 )〕 The national shrine was finally declared and reclassified as a natural monument under the National Integrated Protected Areas System in April 2000 through Proclamation No. 284 by President Joseph Estrada.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Proclamation No. 284 )〕
==Description==
Bessang Pass lies along Route 4, which is now known as the Tagudin-Cervantes-Sabangan Road in the barangay of Malaya.〔Smith, R.R., 2005, Triumph in the Philippines, Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, ISBN 1410224953〕 The pass lies on the southeast side of Langiatan Hill, which reaches a height of .〔 South of the pass, Mount Namogoian rises to .〔 East of Langiatan Hill is Magun Hill at .〔
The park contains pine forests as well as mossy type forests. It is crossed by the Bessang Creek and Matukbo River which provides the water supply for Cervantes and other surrounding communities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Senate Bill No. 2143 )〕 The park is also the habitat of 29 bird species, 5 mammals, and reptiles such as the monitor lizard and different species of snakes.〔
A monument honoring the 1,395 USAFIP-NL members killed during the battle was unveiled in the park in 1954.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Us )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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